Kushmandi Wooden Mask Set – Fish Couple (Gomira Tradition, West Bengal)

Provenance

Locally known as Mukha, Kushmandi wooden masks originate from the Rajbanshi community of South Dinajpur, West Bengal, where they play a central role in the ritualistic Gomira dance. Unlike narrative theatre, Gomira is non-vocal and deeply ceremonial—performed to invoke protective forces, cleanse villages of negative energies, and restore cosmic balance. Dancers are believed to enter trance-like states, embodying figures drawn from folk belief systems and episodes associated with Lord Rama’s exile.

The fish couple motif carries layered meaning within this cultural landscape. Rooted in the riverine and agrarian life of the region, fish symbolise fertility, continuity, abundance, and harmony. Rendered as a pair, they speak to balance—between masculine and feminine energies, sustenance and survival, ritual and daily life.

Each mask is hand-carved from seasoned wood, traditionally neem or gamhar, chosen for durability and resistance to insects. The wood undergoes a meticulous preparation process—soaked, treated, and sun-dried—before being shaped into bold, exaggerated forms. Vivid colours such as red and green are applied to heighten expression, while wide eyes, flared nostrils, and pronounced mouths give the masks their commanding presence.

In recognition of its cultural and artistic significance, Kushmandi Wooden Mask Craft received Geographical Indication (GI) status in 2016 from the Government of India. This set has been handcrafted by artisan Shri N. C. Sarkar, preserving a living tradition passed down through generations.

Disclaimer

• As these masks are entirely hand-carved, minor variations in colour, carving depth, and detailing may occur.

• Natural wood grain, texture, and paint finish may differ slightly between pieces.

• These variations are inherent to the craft and enhance the individuality and authenticity of each mask.